Identification the functional group in fenugreek seeds Essay

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is a quick ,advanced and nondestructive technique commonly used to validate raw materials and final products using their specific fingerprints (Florina et al., 2013) and to determine plant extracts biomarkers based on their functional groups (Socaciu et al., 2009).
This assay is essential for identification the functional group in fenugreek seeds active extract. Potassium bromide (KBr) was Transferred out of the oven into a mortar. About 1 to 2 % of the methanol extract was added on the KBr, then mixed and grinded to a fine powder. The sample made to be very finely powder. The two stainless steel disks have been used by a placed piece of the precut cardboard on top of one disk and filled the cutout hole with the finely grounded mixture. After that the second stainless steel disk have been place on top and transferred the sandwich onto the pistil in the hydraulic press.
The hydraulic pump handle moved downward then, the pistil started to move upward until it reached the top of the pump chamber. Then, the pump handle pumped until the pressure reaches 20,000 prf. After that the disks removed and pulled apart , then Inserted into the Infra-Red (IR) sample holder and attached with tape. Then, the spectrum Run.
Different types of bonds, and thus different functional groups can be detected by this test due to absorb infrared radiation of different wavelengths.( Prati et al 2010 )
GC-MS analysis of the methanol extract of fenugreek seeds was done by using a Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 ultra system comprising an AOC-20i auto-sampler and a Gas Chromatograph interfaced to a Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) equipped with an Elite-5MS (5% diphenyl/95% dimethyl poly siloxane) fused a capillary column (30 0.25 m ID 0.25 m df). For GC-MS detection, an electron ionization system was worked in electron impact mode with ionization energy of 70 eV. Helium gas (99.999%) was used as a carrier gas at a constant flow rate of 1 ml/min, and an injection volume of 2 l was employed (a split ratio of 101). The injector temperature was maintained at 240 degreesC, the ion-source temperature was 200 degreesC, the oven temperature was programmed from 110 degreesC (isothermal for 2 min), with an increase of 10 degreesC/min to 200degreesC, then 5 degreesC/min to 280degreesC, ending with a 9 min isothermal at 280 degreesC. Mass spectra were taken at 70 eV a scan interval of 0.5 s and fragments from 45 to 450 Da. The solvent delay was 0 to 2 min, and the total GC/MS running time was 30 min. The relative percentage amount of each component was calculated by comparing its average peak area to the total areas. Interpretation on mass-spectrum GC-MS was conducted using the database of National Institute Standard and Technology (NIST) having more than 62,000 patterns. The spectrum of the unknown components was compared with the spectrum of known components stored in the NIST library. The name, molecular weight, and structure of the components of the test materials were ascertained