1.0 Introduction Nile Perch, Lates niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a fish species belonging to the family Centropomidae. It is indigenous to the River Nile system (Froese and Pauly, 2009) and once occurred in an earlier Lake Victoria which dried up...

The ABC algorithm, which was originally proposed by Karaboga [1] and further developed by Karaboga and Basturk [2], [3], is a nature inspired algorithm based on the foraging behavior of real honeybees in finding and sharing information on food...

Chlorella, also known as Chlorophyceae (green algae), is a single cell with small coccoid shape. Chlorella found to contains abundance of nutrients such as proteins, polysaccharides, minerals, vitamins and photosynthetic pigments (including...

solubility and stability of the aglycone, allowing for its proper transport to cell vacuoles (Jones and Vogt 2001). These conjugation reactions are catalyzed by isoflavonoidspecific glycosyltransferase and malonyltransferases (Dhaubhadel et al....

tannins, stilbenoids, and isoflavonoids. The presence or absence of specific enzymes plays an important role in the biosynthesis of a specific flavonoid in the specific group of plants. Leguminous plant produced special type of secondary metabolites...

The species Cinchona contains forty species of trees. They behove 1520 meters in crisis and spare white, pink, or yellow flowers. The fruit looks like a small capsule which contains numerous seeds .Circa cinchonas are native to the adapt slopes of...