Infections in UTI Essay

Urinary tract infections is one of the diseases related to urinary system where it were infections of the urethra, bladder, ureters, or the kidneys, which comprise the urinary tract also known as urinary system. According to M.Komala and K.P.Sampath Kumar (2013), the majority of UTIs were cause by Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, but many other bacteria, fungi, and parasites may also cause UTIs. Because of their anatomy, females have a higher risk for UTIs than most males. Other risk factors for UTIs include any condition that may slow down urine flow for example enlarged prostate, inherited urinary tract abnormalities, and inflammation).
An infection may happen when bacteria enter the urinary tract from the rectal area via the urethra to the bladder and increase in the urine. In many cases, bacteria first travel to the urethra to grow the infection. In addition, Urethritis is refer to an infection limited to the urethra. If bacteria move to the bladder and multiply, a bladder infection called cystitis. If the infection is untreated quickly, bacteria may then travel advance to ureters to multiply and infected the kidneys, called pyelonephritis.
As stated by Christopher Chiu (2013), UTIs are generally classified according to their anatomical location which are lower UTI and upper UTI. Lower UTI is related on infection that occurs on lower side of urinary tract such as urethritis and cystitis. While upper UTI is infection that related on upper side of urinary tract like pyelonephritis which relate with kidney.
Acute Cystitis, or inflammation of the bladder is one of infection in UTI. Most often caused by a bacterial infection which has a direct effect on bladder function. If the infection spreads to the kidney, an infection can become a serious health issue. Both men and women were at risk for this condition, though women are at a higher risk. Most common occurs in female because their urethra is shorter.
In addition, signs of acute cystitis include a strong push to urinate frequently, burning feeling during urination, passing small or frequent amounts of urine, low-grade fever, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, blood in the urine, pelvic area discomfort and pressure in the lower abdomen (Susan A. Mehnert-Kay, M.D , 2005).
Acute Pyelonephritis is an another infection in UTI which is an inflammation of the kidney and can be classes as upper urinary tract. This inflammation usually results from bacterial infection of the bladder (cystitis). Acute pyelonephritis is affect people of either sex and any age but most commonly is in adult females. If this infection were untreated, it can steps forward to a chronic condition that may damaged and possible to loss of kidney function.
According to Josip Car (2006), symptoms of acute pyelonephritis typically include fever, burning or frequent urination, aching pain on one or both sides of the lower back or abdomen, cloudy or bloody urine and low energy. Also may have nausea and diarrhea. Besides that, the symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis include weakness, loss of appetite, hypertension, anemia and blood in the urine.