The Physical Education (PE) in the United States Essay

In the 1700s to mid 1800s three countries Germany, Sweden, and England formed the initial expansion of physical education (PE) in the United States. There were German immigrants that brought up the Turner Societies, which was an organization of gymnastics that proposed a way of training utilizing heavy equipment such as horizontal bars, side horse, parallel, and to be fit. On the other hand, the Swedish had their own methods to improve their health through the execution of many arbitrary motion activities accompanied with light equipment such as wands and climbing rope. England introduced sports and games to America with a structure that focused on ethical advancement in PE through involvement. The impact of these three countries established the groundwork for sport and PE. During the 1800s it was a time where PE was established in schools across America. In 1823, a private school in Northampton, Massachusetts called The Round Hill, was the first to incorporate PE as an elemental part of the discipline. In 1855 PE was not implemented in the public schools, meanwhile Cincinnati, Ohio, turned into the first city school organization to propose this kind of agenda to children. California in 1866 was the first to submit a regulation in public schools demanding twice-per-day exercise periods in PE.
Dio Lewis, Dudley Allen Sargent, Catherine Beecher, and Edward Hitchcock were the main people that started PE. In the years, between 1855 and 1900, there were various controversies, pointed out to as the "Battle of the Systems", concerning which structure (Swedish, American, English, or German) could best administer a nationwide PE curriculum for America.
Meanwhile in the 1890s John Dewey and his associates, whose academic reforms drove to the growth of the "three R's" to incorporate PE reading, writing, and arithmetic, confronted conventional instruction. Furthermore, it was throughout this time that various "normal schools" (coaching schools for PE teachers) were established. Throughout the twentieth century many academic psychologists such as, Edward Thorndike, Dewey, and Stanley G. Hall promoted the significant aspect of children's play in a child's capacity to learn. Wood and Rosalind Cassidy, who promoted education through the physical, wrote The New Physical Education in 1927, in alignment with the help of academic psychologists. In the years 1924 and 1925 PE and Hygiene became Hygiene and Gymnastics. In 1925 to 1926 the yearly directory accounts the branch as Hygiene and Physical Training. The focal point of the school was to advance the physical condition of all students. The 1929 to 1930 school added dancing and coaching courses and an adjustment to Hygiene and PE that continued the label until 1947. In 1929 through 1947, the Hygiene and Physical Education department were still uneasy with students' health condition and their athletic activity. Horseback Riding, Bowling, First Aid, and Swimming were new courses that were available during the 1930s and 1940s. In 1947 through 1948 the department turned into Health and PE. The Department found necessary that each student finished a class in individual and public hygiene and also in PE.